Rastro conductual del asaltante sexual serial desde la perfilación criminal inductiva / Behavioral trace of the serial sexual assailant from the inductive criminal profiling

Resumen La perfilación criminal ha despertado interés tanto en el contexto académico como en la cotidianidad, debido a la multiplicidad de casos aberrantes que se presentan día a día en el mundo. Es por eso que el objetivo de este artículo fue identificar a la luz del enfoque estadístico por facetas, desde la perfilación criminal de tipo inductiva, patrones conductuales inferidos de la información que se dispone de la escena del crimen de los casos de caso de Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillo, alias "La Bestia" quien violentó y asesinó a más de 172 niños y el de Javier Velasco Valenzuela quien asesino, violó y torturó, bajo la modalidad de empalamiento, a Rosa Elvira Cely.

Abstract Criminal profiling has sparked interest both in the academic context and in daily life, due to the multiplicity of aberrant cases that occur day by day in the world. That is why the objective of this article was to identify the light of the statistical approach by facets, from inductive criminal profiling, behavioral patterns inferred from the information available at the crime scene of the cases of Luis Alfredo Garavito's case. Cubillo, alias "La Bestia", who rapes and murdered more than 172 children and Javier Velasco Valenzuela, who murdered, raped and tortured Rosa Elvira Cely in the form of impalement.

Escenarios de delincuencia juvenil en el ámbito urbano: una perspectiva situacional / Scenarios of juvenile delinquency in the urban sphere: a situational perspective / Cenários de delinquência juvenil no âmbito urbano: uma perspectiva situacional

Resumen A lo largo de las tres últimas décadas se ha incrementado de forma notable el estudio de las variables espaciales y contextuales asociadas a la delincuencia. La evidencia empírica ha señalado que los delitos se concentran en espacios específicos de la ciudad y alrededor de cierto tipo de instalaciones y servicios. Sin embargo, los estudios en el sur de Europa sobre esta cuestión son ciertamente escasos, sobre todo si se trata de centrar el análisis en población juvenil. El objetivo principal es explorar la concentración de la delincuencia juvenil en espacio urbano y estudiar los tipos de instalaciones predominantes en los hotspots resultantes. Para ello, y bajo el marco teórico que las perspectivas situacionales puedan aportar, se han analizado -siguiendo una metodología ex post facto retrospectiva- los delitos cometidos por personas menores de edad con datos proporcionados por la policía autónoma del País Vasco (España). Se han obtenido clústeres de eventos geolocalizados y mediante un análisis de las áreas de influencia se ha hecho un recuento de las instalaciones que existen alrededor de dichos clústeres. Los resultados indican que existe concentración de las infracciones en determinados lugares en los que ciertas instalaciones prevalecen sobre otras.

Abstract Throughout the three last decades the study of the special and contextual variables associated with the delinquency has increased. The empirical evidence has signaled that the crimes are concentrated in specific spaces in the city and around certain type of facilities and services. Nevertheless, the studies in the south of Europe about this issue are certainly scarce, especially if it is about centering the analysis in juvenile population. The main objective is to explore the concentration of the juvenile delinquency in urban space and to study the types of predominant facilities in the resultant hotspots. For it, and under the theoretical framework that the situational perspectives could bring to, the offences committed by minors with data provided by the Basque country police (Spain) were analyzed - following a retrospective ex post facto methodology. Clusters of geolocated events have been obtained and, through an analysis of the areas of influence, a recount of the facilities that exist around those clusters has been done. The results indicate that concentration of the infringements exists in specific places in which certain facilities prevail over others.

Resumo Ao longo das três últimas décadas tem incrementado de forma notável o estudo das variáveis espaciais e contextuais associadas à delinquência. A evidência empírica tem assinalado que os delitos se concentram em espaços específicos da cidade e ao redor de certo tipo de instalações e serviços. No entanto, os estudos no sul da Europa sobre esta questão são certamente escassos, sobretudo se se trata de centrar a análise em população juvenil. O objetivo principal é explorar a concentração da delinquência juvenil em espaço urbano e estudar os tipos de instalações predominantes nos hotspots resultantes. Para isso, e sob o marco teórico que as perspectivas situacionais podem fornecer, foram analisados -seguindo uma metodologia ex post facto retrospectiva- os delitos cometidos por pessoas menores de idade com dados fornecidos pela polícia autónoma do País Basco (Espanha). Foram obtidos clusters de eventos geolocalizados e, através de uma análise das áreas de influência, se fez uma contagem das instalações que existem ao redor de tais clusters. Os resultados indicam que existe concentração das infracções em determinados lugares em que certas instalações prevalecem sobre outras.

Application of psychiatric assessment scale of cognitive and volition capacity in violent crimes / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of psychiatric assessment scale of cognitive and volition capacity(PASCVC) in violent crimes.MethodsThe PASCVC,criminal responsibility rating scale for violence(CRRSV) and criminal responsibility rating scale(CRRS)were used respectively in 244 forensic psychiatric cases.All cases were classified by the judicial surveyor into three grades including complete lost,partial lost and normal,the results were compared with expert's opinions.Results①PASCVC was composed of two subscales:cognitive capacity and volition capacity.There were significant differences in rating average score of three groups (complete lost,partial lost and normal) of total scale,cognitive capacity and volition capacity subscales were 9.96±7.53,69.15±10.290,101.16±6.034;20.29±4.971,37.13±5.388,2.55±2.612;18.32±2.595,30.07±4.595,48.34±4.147 respectively and there were significant differences between them.②27 items had good correlation with the scale(r=0.157~0.915).③According to the reference demarcation points of scale,12 criteria were carried out by using stepwise discriminant analysis.The accuracy of retrospective cumulative square was 97.1%.④Total scale and subscales consistency of three demarcation point grading assessment results were consistent with expert's opinions,the Kappa values were 0.925,0.848 and 0.930 respectively (P<0.01);PASCVC consistency with CRRSV and CRRS,the correlation coefficients were 0.952 and 0.961 respectively (P<0.01),the Kappa values were 0.830 and 0.881 respectively (P<0.01).Conclusion The PASCVC is feasible to be used in violent crimes.

Factors associated with violence among male psychiatric patients admitted at the forensic psychiatry ward (pavilion 4) of the National Center for Mental Health factors

OBJECTIVE:This study seeks to describe the clinical profile of the male patients admitted to the Forensic Psychiatric Ward of the National Center for Mental Health as well as determine what demographic and clinical factors are associated with violence of the patients. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Pavilion 4 of the NCMH with 158 subjects whose records were reviewed. Crimes were categorized as either violent or non-violent and patient's symptoms were clustered into 8 categories. To test for association, chi-square test and relative risk was computed to determine the degree of association. RESULTS: Most patients were between 30-39 years old (46.2%), single (78.5%), Catholic (84.2%) and had undergone at least an elementary education (51.9%). Majority (55.7%) came from the Luzon Provinces outside Metro Manila and 77.8% had psychiatric disorders prior to being admitted to Pavilion 4. Most (68.4%) of the violent crimes committed were committed against persons and 52.5% were committed against non-relatives. The more frequent symptoms noted were hallucinations in 56.3% and speech disturbances in 53.2%. of the psychiatric patients. The only significant factor associated with violence among the male psychiatric patients in Pavilion 4 of NCMH were depressive symptoms e.g. blank stares, crying spells, being quiet and withdrawn with a relative risk of 0.67 at a confidence interval of 0.43-1.06, which means that being depressed can prevent one from committing a crime. Majority (65.8%) had a relapse of their psychiatric illness, with Schizophrenia being the most common diagnosis (51.9%). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms can be considered as a protective factor against committing violent crimes.